C Programming

A complete C programming notebook — from installing a compiler to advanced pointers, dynamic memory, file handling, and the latest C23 language features. Explains not just syntax but why C works the way it does, since C is the foundation many other languages and systems (Unix/Linux, embedded systems, language runtimes) are built on.

Introduction and Setup

What is C Programming?Setting Up a C Compiler and IDE

Basic Program Structure

Anatomy of a C Program Compiling and Running a C Program

Variables and Data Types

Variables and Basic Data Types Constants and Type Qualifiers

Operators and Expressions

Arithmetic, Relational, and Logical Operators Operator Precedence and Type Conversion

Input and Output

printf and scanf Basics Format Specifiers and Common Pitfalls

Control Flow

if/else and switch Statements Loops: for, while, and do...while

Functions

Defining and Calling Functions Function Prototypes and Recursion

Arrays and Strings

Working with Arrays Strings and the string.h Library

Pointers

Pointer Basics Pointers, Arrays, and Pointer Arithmetic

Structures and Unions

Structs Basics Unions, typedef, and Fixed-Underlying Enums

Dynamic Memory Management

malloc, calloc, realloc, and free Avoiding Memory Leaks and Dangling Pointers

File Handling

Reading and Writing Files File Positioning and Binary Files

Preprocessor and Multi-File Programs

Macros and Preprocessor Directives Header Files and Multi-File Projects

Advanced Pointers

Function Pointers Pointers to Pointers and Void Pointers

Modern C Features (C11–C23)

Modern C Features: C11 and C17 Modern C Features: C23